Gokhru (Gokshura) – Complete Guide with Benefits, Side Effects

Scientific & Botanical Details

• Scientific Name: Tribulus terrestris (Small Caltrops)

• Family: Zygophyllaceae

• Common Names:

  • Hindi: Gokhru, Gokshura

  • Sanskrit: Gokshura, Trikanta

  • Tamil: Nerunjil

  • Telugu: Palleru

  • Bengali: Gokhri

  • Marathi: Sarate

  • Gujarati: Bethagokhru

  • Kannada: Neggilu

(Sources: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 2008; Khare, 2007)

Key Active Ingredients

1. Saponins (Protodioscin) – Boosts testosterone & libido.

2. Alkaloids (Harmine, Harmaline) – Neuroprotective effects.

3. Flavonoids – Antioxidant & anti-inflammatory.

4. Nitrates – Supports cardiovascular health.

5. Steroidal Glycosides – Enhances muscle strength.

(Sources: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016; WHO Monographs, 2009)

Benefits & Uses

1. Male Sexual Health (Natural Viagra)

• Increases testosterone, sperm count, and libido.

• Used in Ayurveda for erectile dysfunction.

2. Urinary & Kidney Health

• Treats UTIs, kidney stones, and bladder infections.

• Acts as a diuretic (increases urine flow).

3. Muscle Building & Athletic Performance

• Popular in bodybuilding supplements for strength.

4. Heart & Blood Pressure Support

• Helps regulate blood pressure due to nitrates.

5. Anti-inflammatory & Joint Pain Relief

• Used in arthritis and gout treatment.

(Sources: Nadkarni’s Indian Materia Medica, 1976; NCBI Studies, 2020)

Side Effects & Precautions

• Mild Stomach Upset – High doses may cause nausea.

• Hormonal Effects – Avoid in prostate cancer (may increase testosterone).

• Pregnancy Risk – Uterine stimulant (not safe in pregnancy).

• Drug Interactions – May enhance effects of blood pressure medications.

(Source: European Medicines Agency, 2012)

Traditional & Modern Preparations

• Powder (Churna) – Mixed with milk for vitality.

• Decoction (Kashaya) – For kidney health.

• Capsules/Extracts – Used in supplements

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References 

1. Khare, C. P. (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants. Springer.

2. WHO. (2009). Monographs on Medicinal Plants.

3. NCBI. (2020). Tribulus terrestris in Male Fertility. PMID: 32026799

4. Nadkarni, K. M. (1976). Indian Materia Medica.
5. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. (2008). Government of India.